1. What is the main function of the male reproductive system?

The main function is to produce, store, and transport sperm to fertilise an egg. It also produces male hormones, primarily testosterone, which is essential for male development and health.

2. What are some common conditions that affect the system?

Common conditions include benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostate cancer, and infections like prostatitis or epididymitis. Other issues can include erectile dysfunction and infertility.

3. What are the common symptoms of these conditions?

Symptoms often include urinary issues like a frequent or urgent need to urinate, a weak stream, or pain. Other signs can be pain or swelling in the testicles or groin, and sexual dysfunction. It's important to remember that some conditions, like early-stage prostate cancer, may have no symptoms.

4. How can men take care of their reproductive health?

Maintaining a healthy reproductive system involves a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet and regular exercise. Additionally, practicing safe sex, performing regular testicular self-exams, and getting routine check-ups with a doctor are crucial for early detection of potential problems.

5. Do men go through menopause like women do?

No, men do not go through menopause. While women experience a rapid drop in hormones, men have a gradual decline in testosterone, often called andropause. This is a slow, age-related process that does not lead to a complete shutdown of the reproductive system.

6. What is the average penis size?

Research based on clinical measurements shows that the average erect penis length is approximately 5.1 to 5.4 inches (13–13.7 cm), with an average circumference of about 4.6 inches (11.7 cm). Studies relying on self reported measurements often indicate slightly larger figures due to reporting bias. In contrast, flaccid length typically around 3.6 inches—varies widely and is not a reliable indicator of erect size.

Male Reproductive System: Structure and Functions Explained

Stepper-Guided Biopsy Procedure

Biopsy guides2 min readPublished article by Mr Bachar Zelhof7 August 2026

The Stepper-Guided Transperineal procedure uses the Smart Stepper Stabiliser to provide stable ultrasound probe positioning and precise needle guidance throughout the procedure. Designed for transperineal prostate biopsy and brachytherapy workflows, the system allows clinicians to perform systematic sampling using controlled probe movement and coordinate-based needle placement.

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Overview

With real-time ultrasound imaging and a brachy grid, the procedure supports consistent access to planned biopsy targets while maintaining probe stability during the examination.

Key Components Used During the Stepper-Guided Biopsy Procedure

The Stepper-Guided Transperineal Biopsy procedure combines a precision positioning system, real-time ultrasound imaging, and specialised biopsy instruments to support accurate, systematic tissue sampling. Each component plays a specific role in maintaining probe stability, guiding needle placement, and supporting a consistent biopsy workflow.

Smart Stepper Stabiliser

Provides controlled linear, rotational, and vertical positioning of the ultrasound probe, allowing stable imaging and precise probe adjustments.

Biplanar Ultrasound Probe

Delivers real-time sagittal and axial ultrasound views of the prostate, helping clinicians visualise anatomy and guide needle placement during the biopsy.

Brachy Grid

A precision-guided template that provides coordinate-based needle entry points for systematic and repeatable sampling across the prostate.

Stabiliser Arm Assembly

Securely holds the stepper in position and helps maintain probe stability throughout the biopsy while allowing controlled repositioning when required.

Key Features of the Smart Stepper Stabiliser

Controlled Ultrasound Probe Positioning

Provides stable positioning of the ultrasound probe throughout ultrasound-guided prostate procedures, allowing the clinician to maintain the selected probe position during scanning and tissue sampling.

Stable Probe Fixation

Locking mechanisms help maintain probe stability during the procedure while allowing repositioning whenever required.

Modular Clinical Design

Features a modular construction for efficient assembly, straightforward operation, and convenient disassembly after use.

Clinical Workflow Support

Together, these components create a structured stepper-guided biopsy workflow, enabling stable ultrasound probe positioning, accurate grid-guided needle placement, systematic tissue sampling, and secure specimen handling throughout the transperineal prostate biopsy procedure.

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Stepper-Guided Biopsy Procedure

In this article

Overview

Key Components Used During the Stepper-Guided Biopsy Procedure

Key Features of the Smart Stepper Stabiliser

Clinical Workflow Support

Join the conversation

The right support for your next step.

In this article

Overview

Key Components Used During the Stepper-Guided Biopsy Procedure

Key Features of the Smart Stepper Stabiliser

Clinical Workflow Support

Join the conversation

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